Oceanographic Data Sources

R
Oceanography
Data Source
Published

August 7, 2025

Oceanographic Data Sources

Below is a comprehensive table of major sources of oceanographic data, categorized by type, including global databases, national/regional centers, satellite/remote sensing, in-situ networks, and specialized tools. Each entry includes the source name, a brief description, key data types, and access links.

Category Source Name Description Key Data Types Access Link
Global Databases and Portals World Ocean Database (WOD) Largest collection of quality-controlled ocean profile data, managed by NOAA NCEI. Temperature, salinity, nutrients, oxygen, historical/modern profiles. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/world-ocean-database
IODE (UNESCO) Catalogue of ocean-related web sources, data systems, and metadata. Metadata, physical, chemical, biological data. https://www.iode.org/
Copernicus Marine Service Hindcast, forecast, and reanalysis data from satellites and in-situ sources. Sea level, temperature, currents, biogeochemistry. https://marine.copernicus.eu/
General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) Global gridded bathymetry data from ship soundings and satellite gravity. Bathymetry, seafloor topography. https://www.gebco.net/
PANGAEA Open-access publisher for Earth and ocean data. Geophysics, biology, chemistry, environmental data. https://www.pangaea.de/
EMODnet European marine data network for various oceanographic disciplines. Bathymetry, geology, biology, chemistry, physics, human activities. https://www.emodnet.eu/
SeaDataNet Pan-European infrastructure for marine and ocean data management. In-situ, remote sensing, physical, chemical data. https://www.seadatanet.org/
Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) Global database for marine species distribution and biodiversity. Species occurrences, biodiversity data. https://obis.org/
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Open-access portal for biodiversity, including marine species. Marine species occurrences, ecological data. https://www.gbif.org/
ICES Oceanography Database Quality-controlled ocean data from 1877 to present, North Atlantic focus. Physical, chemical parameters, historical data. https://ocean.ices.dk/
Ocean Data Platform (HUB Ocean) Collaborative platform aggregating ocean data for research and industry. Various oceanographic datasets. https://www.oceandata.earth/
National/Regional Centers NOAA NCEI Archives ocean data, including former NODC datasets. Physical, biological, chemical, paleoclimatology data. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/
British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) Manages UK marine data, including GEBCO grids. Biology, chemistry, physics, geophysics, bathymetry. https://www.bodc.ac.uk/
Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) U.S. regional network for real-time and historical coastal data. Buoy, glider, coastal station data (waves, currents, temperature). https://ioos.noaa.gov/
Northeast Ocean Data Portal Data layers for U.S. Northeast oceans. Ecology, human use, physical oceanography. https://www.northeastoceandata.org/
SISMER (IFREMER, France) French national center for oceanographic data. Physics, chemistry, geology data. https://www.ifremer.fr/sismer/
BSH (Germany) German bathymetric surveys and marine research data. Bathymetry, physical oceanography. https://www.bsh.de/
BGR (Germany) Geological and geophysical marine data. Seismic, geophysical survey data. https://www.bgr.bund.de/
VLIZ (Flanders Marine Institute, Belgium) Data systems for North Sea and global marine research. Physical, biological, chemical data. https://www.vliz.be/
INCOIS (India) Indian ocean data and forecast services. Ocean observations, forecasts, physical data. https://www.incois.gov.in/
Satellite/Remote Sensing NASA Earthdata Ocean data from Earth-observing satellites. Sea surface temperature, salinity, winds, chlorophyll. https://earthdata.nasa.gov/
NOAA NESDIS Satellite-derived ocean data for monitoring and modeling. Ocean color, sea surface temperature, weather-related data. https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/
NOAA CoastWatch Satellite data products for coastal and ocean environments. Ocean color, sea surface temperature, currents. https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/
USGS/Sentinel Image Viewer Tools for viewing Earth observation imagery, including ocean surfaces. Satellite imagery, ocean surface data. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
In-Situ Observation Networks National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) Real-time data from moored buoys and coastal stations. Waves, winds, temperature, currents. https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/
Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP) Near-real-time and delayed-mode ocean profiles. Temperature, salinity, velocity (ships, buoys, Argo). https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/gtspp
Argo (via Argovis) Global array of profiling floats with visualization tools. Temperature, salinity, velocity. https://argovis.colorado.edu/
Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Real-time and archived data from cabled arrays, gliders, moorings. Physical, chemical, biological data from key ocean sites. https://oceanobservatories.org/
BCO-DMO NSF-funded repository for biological and chemical ocean data. Biological, chemical data from research projects. https://www.bco-dmo.org/
CCHDO High-quality hydrographic data, including carbon and tracers. Hydrography, carbon, tracer data from cruises. https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/
Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS) Geophysical data from marine research. Multibeam bathymetry, seismics, sub-bottom profiles. https://www.marine-geo.org/
Hawaii Mapping Research Group (HMRG) Multibeam bathymetry and sonar data from Pacific surveys. Bathymetry, sonar data. https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HMRG/
EU-SeaSED Catalogue of seafloor samples, seismic, and sonar data (Europe). Seafloor samples, seismic, sonar data. https://www.geo-seas.eu/
Specialized Tools NOAA Ocean Color Viewer Tool for viewing satellite-derived ocean color data. Chlorophyll concentrations, ocean color. https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/mecb/color/
Global Tagging of Pelagic Predators (GTOPP) Tracks marine animal movements for ecological studies. Animal movement, ecological data. https://gtopp.org/
eOceans App Citizen science tool for logging ocean observations. Community-sourced ocean observations. https://www.eoceans.app/
Open Earth Community-driven tools for marine data analysis and modeling. Various oceanographic datasets and tools. https://open-earth.org/
Sample/General Repositories Index to Marine and Lacustrine Geological Samples (IMLGS) Database of seafloor and lakebed samples. Geological samples, sediment data. https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/curator/
Zenodo Open repository for research data, including oceanographic datasets. Various oceanographic research data. https://zenodo.org/
re3data Registry of research data repositories for discovering ocean datasets. Metadata, links to oceanographic repositories. https://www.re3data.org/
UNEP SHELF Programme OSDS Global inventory for continental shelf geophysical and geological data. Geophysical, geological data for shelf studies. https://www.unep.org/

Notes

  • Access: Most sources are publicly accessible, but some may require registration or specific permissions. Check individual websites for details.
  • Data Types: Vary widely; contact specific repositories for detailed metadata or niche datasets (e.g., real-time currents, paleoceanography).
  • Additional Sources: For regional or specialized data (e.g., COSYNA for North Sea, SHOM for French tides), explore portals like IODE or re3data.